]> Music Vocabulary A vocabulary, or music ontology, to describe classical music and performances. Classes (categories) for musical works, events, instruments and performers, as well as related properties are defined. Make sure to distinguish musical works (e.g. Opera) from performance events (Opera_Event), or works (String_Quartette) from performer (StringQuartetEnsemble in this vocab), whose natural language terms are used interchangeblly. The present version experiments more precise model to describe a musical work, its representations (performances, scores, etc) and a musical event to present a representation (a concert). Includes 30 keys as individuals. 音楽作品、楽器、演奏情報を記述するためのボキャブラリ。Opera_Event（演奏）とOpera（作品）や、String_Quartette（作品）とStringQuartetEnsemble（団体）のように、日常語では両方の意味に使われるクラスの区別に注意。このバージョンでは、音楽作品、その表現（演奏、楽譜など）とイベント（演奏会）をより精密にモデリングするべく実験中。 Version 0.9.6 - OWL DL version. Some stable, some experimental. Changed terms: Opera_Performance to Opera_Event, Ballet_Performance to Ballet_Event. 2003-07-04 2007-10-31 神崎正英 Musical Work A musical work in any form, e.g. a composition, its movement, phrase, theme etc. Oeuvre A (complete) musical work by a composer. Movement A subsection of a musical work. Typically a movement of a symphony, but also a piece of suit, etc. Orchestral Work A composition for orchestra (and a soloist or soloists, optionally with chorus) Opera (Work) A musical work with drama, song, chorus and orchestral music. Note 'Opera_Event' in this vocabulary describes the performance of an opera. Ballet (Work) A musical work for a dance form featuring a staged presentation of group or solo dancing. Note 'Ballet_Event' in this vocabulary describes the performance of a ballet. Symphony A large and complex work for symphony orchestra Concerto A composition for orchestra and a soloist Overture An orchestral music composed for the opening of an opera or oratorio, often played as an independend work in concerts Suite A musical composition of several movements only loosely connected Symphonic Poem An orchestral composition based on a thematic subject Religious Music A genre of music composed for performance as part of religious ceremonies Chamber Music A genre of music composed for performance by small ensemble String Quartet A music composed for instrumental quartet with 2 violins and a viola and a cello. Note 'StringQuartetEnsemble' is SQ ensemble in this vocabulary. Choral Music A genre of music composed for performance by a chorus or choir Cantata A vocal composition accompanied by instruments and generally containing more than one movement. Oratorio A large musical composition for orchestra, vocal soloists and chorus Text Text of a musical work (e.g. lyric or verse) Key A key of a musical work (e.g. C-dur, b-moll) Musical Representation Representation of a musical work, such as a score, sheet music, perfornamce, recoding, etc. Peroformance Representation of a musical work in the form of performace, e.g. playing instruments, singing etc. Note a concert is a Musical_Event where a Performance is presented. Written Representation Representation of a musical work in the form of a written expression, e.g. score, parts, autograph, printed music, sketch, etc. Score A full score or piano-vocal score of a work, either published or manuscript. Part A music for a particular instrument or voice taken from a full score (Note: in this ontology, Part is not a division of an orchestra). Sketch A sketch, or a brief prelimary composition of a work. Musical Event An event of musical performance by players or singers, including theatrical staging. Typically the event has date and location. Note this is different from Performance, which is a 'representation' of a musical work realized at a musical event or recording, etc. Concert An event of musical performance by players or singers not involving theatrical staging Recital An event of musical performance especially by soloists Opera Event An event of opera performance (not an opera as a musical work, which is defined here as 'Opera') Ballet Event An event of ballet performance Venue A venue for musical performance, e.g. concert hall, opera house, recital hall, etc. Musical Instrument An instrument to play music String Instrument A stringed musical instrument, in which sound is produced by plucking, striking, or bowing taut strings. Woodwind Instrument A wind musical instrument, in which sound is produced by the vibration of reeds in the mouthpiece, or by the passing of air across the mouthpiece. Brass Instrument A wind musical instrument, that consists of a brass tube blown by means of a cup-shaped or funnel-shaped mouthpiece. Percussion A musical instrument that produces sound by striking the body. Keyboard Instrument A musical instrument that has a set of keys that consist of scale. Violin A musical instrument played with a bow, having four strings. Usually plays the highest part of the string section. Viola A stringed instrument of the violin family, slightly larger than a violin, tuned a fifth lower, and having a deeper, more sonorous tone. Cello A stringed instrument of the violin family, with bass to tenor tone. Usually played in sitting position. Contrabass The largest member of string insrtument, usually with four or five strings. Flute A high-pitched woodwind instrument; a slender tube closed at one end with finger holes on one end and an opening near the closed end across which the breath is blown Piccolo A piccolo flute, smaller member of the flute family. Oboe A woodwind instrument with a conical bore and a double-reed mouthpiece. English Horn A double-reed woodwind instrument, larger member of the oboe family. Clarinet A woodwind instrument having a straight cylindrical tube with a flaring bell and a single-reed mouthpiece. Bass Clarinet A larger member of the clarinet family, usually in key B-flat. Soprano Clarinet A smaller member of the clarinet family, commonly in key E-flat. Basset Horn A larger member of the clarinet family, typically in lower F, and has darker and less brilliant timbre. Bassoon A low-pitched woodwind instrument with a double reed, having a long wooden body attached to a U-shaped lateral tube that leads to the mouthpiece. A Fagotto. Contrafagotto A larger mebmer of the basoon family, producing the lowest tone in the woodwind section. Saxophone A woodwind instrument with a single-reed mouthpiece and a (usually curved) conical metal tube, including soprano, alto, tenor, and baritone sizes. Horn A brass instrument with a long narrow tube that is coiled in a circle before ending in a flaring bell, usually being equipped with valves. A French Horn. Trumpet A A soprano brass instrument consisting of a long metal tube looped once and ending in a flared bell, usually being equipped with valves or pistons. Trombone A brass instrument consisting of a long cylindrical tube, and having a movable U-shaped slide for producing different pitches. Tuba A large, valved, brass instrument with a bass pitch. Timpani A set of large copper or brass hemispherical drums with a parchment head that can be tuned by adjusting the tension. Harp An instrument with usually 46 or 47 strings that are played by plucking with the fingers. Pian A musical instrument with a manual keyboard actuating hammers that strike wire strings. A pianoforte. Celesta A musical instrument with a keyboard and metal plates struck by hammers that produce bell-like tones. Harpsichord A keyboard instrument whose strings are plucked by means of quills or plectrums. Cembalo. Guitar A musical instrument having a large flat-backed sound box, a long fretted neck, and usually six strings, played by strumming or plucking. Mandolin A pear-shaped small stringed instrument descended from the lute, played with a pick. Artist A person or group (or any agent) who creates or performs art works Musical Group A group that performs art works Composer A person (or any agent) who composed art works Musician An artist who performs, composes or conducts music Director An artist who directs a musical group Player An artist who performs a musical instrument Singer An artist who sings a song Conductor A Conductor Music Director The person who leads a musical group Choreographer someone who creates new dances, or directs an opera Violinist A Violn player Violist A Viola player Cellist A Cello player Contrabassist A Contrabass player Flutist A Flute player Piccolo player A Piccolo flute player Oboist An Oboe player English Horn player An English Horn player Clarinettist A Clarinet player Bass_Clarinettist A Bass Clarinet player Bassoonist A Fagotto player ContrafagottoPlayer A Contrafagotto player Hornist A Horn player Trumpeter A Trumpet player Trombonist A Trombone player TubaPlayer A Tuba player Timpanist A Timpani player Harpist A Harp player Pianist A Piano player CelestaPlayer A Celesta player Percussionist A Percussion player Guitarist A Guitar player Soprano A Soprano singer Mezzo Soprano A Mezzo Soprano singer Alto An Alto singer Tenor A Tenor singer Countertenor A Countertenor singer Baritone A Baritone singer Bass A Bass singer Orchestra A musical group which perfroms large scale symphonic works Ensemble A musical group which perfroms in relatively small size, particularly chamber music Qtring Quartet A musical group of four string players. Note 'String_Quartette' is SQ as musical work in this vocabulary. Chorus A musical group of singers. Opera Company A musical group that performs opera works. Ballet Company A musical group that performs ballet works. Description A description of the subject musical work. Super-property of some properties in this vocabulary, as well as description of a general descriptive resource such as time-line of composing process. Event Description A description of the subject musical event. Super-property of #program, #presents, #venue. Artist Description A description of the subject artist or agent. Super-property of #plays, #performs. Composer The subject musical work is composed by a person, a group, a software program etc. Composition Describes the composition process of the subject. Composition period or completion date, place, revision etc. can be described as properties of the object composition process. Premiere The subject musical work was first performed at an concert Symohony No.7 'Unfinished' D.759 1822-01 1865-12-17 Wien Musikfereinsall ]]> published The subject musical work is published as a score or sheet music (still not sure what kind of class is appropriate as the range) Symphony No.9 Op.125 1826-08 The first published edition Schott ]]> Source The subject musical work has a historical source, such as sketch, autograph score or published score. Sections The subject musical work has subsections such as movements. Current model recommends RDF Collection as the object. Opus The subject musical composition has an identifier assigned by a composer (e.g. 'op.131') or other editor (e.g. 'KV.551') Form The subject musical work or its movement has a form, such as sonata, minuet, etc. Would be better defined as ObjectProperty. Key The subject musical work or its movement has a key, such as C major, d minor, etc. Key Name The subject musical work or its movement has a key. Textual version of #key. Marks The subject musical work or its movement has instruction mark(s) of tempo and/or expression Meter The subject musical work or its movement has a time measure such as 3/4, 4/4, 6/8 etc Represents The subject (performance, score, etc) is a representation of the object musical work. An experiment to have better model. Derived From The subject is (was) derived from the object, e.g a copy score is derived from the composer manuscript (or, possibly, a CD recording is derived from a performance at a concert). Autograph score A copyist's socore used as engraver's copy ]]> Performer The subject has a performer (an artist, a group, a machine etc.). The preferred domain of this property is #Performance, so as to model that "a concert presents a performance (of a musical work) that is realized by this performer". However, in natural language, we often say that "a concert has performers who play these musical works", i.e. the domain of 'performer' is #Musical_Event in this case, and it would be more intuitive model. Hence, the domain is leave unrestricted here for a moment. Symphony No.2 D major ]]> Symphony No.2 D major ]]> Soloist The subject performance is performed by this soloist (or the subject musical event has a soloist. See comment of #performer. Conductor The subject performance is coducted by the object (or the subject musical event has a conductor). See comment of #performer. Performs The subject artist (or group, machine, etc) performs a musical work. Program The subject musical event presents a musical work as its program Plays The subject artist (or group, machine, etc) plays an musical instrument. If :me :plays :Violin, then :me a :Violininst. Presents The subject musical event presents a performance of a musical work. An experiment to have better model to describe musical work, its representation and an event to present the representation. Venue The subject musical event is presented at the object venue. PerformerName The subject musical event has a performer. Literal version of #performer. Conductor Name The subject musical event has a conductor. Literal version of #conductor. Program Line The subject musical event presents a musical work as its program. Literal version of #program. C dur C major Major key based on C, whose key signature has no sharp or flat. G dur G major Major key based on G, whose key signature has 1 sharp. D dur D major Major key based on D, whose key signature has 2 sharps. A dur A major Major key based on A, whose key signature has 3 sharps. E dur E major Major key based on E, whose key signature has 4 sharps. H dur B major Major key based on B, whose key signature has 5 sharps. Fis dur F-Sharp major Major key based on F sharp, whose key signature has 6 sharps. Cis dur C-Sharp major Major key based on C sharp, whose key signature has 7 sharps. F dur F major Major key based on F, whose key signature has 1 flat. B dur B-Flat major Major key based on B flat, whose key signature has 2 flats. Es dur E-Flat major Major key based on E flat, whose key signature has 3 flats. As dur A-Flat major Major key based on A flat, whose key signature has 4 flats. Des dur D-Flat major Major key based on D flat, whose key signature has 5 flats. Ges dur G-Flat major Major key based on G flat, whose key signature has 6 flats. Ces dur C-Flat major Major key based on C flat, whose key signature has 7 flats. a moll A minor e moll E minor Minor key based on E, whose key signature has 1 sharp. h moll B minor Minor key based on B, whose key signature has 2 sharps. fis moll F-Sharp minor Minor key based on F sharp, whose key signature has 3 sharps. cis moll C-Sharp minor Minor key based on C sharp, whose key signature has 4 sharps. gis moll G-Sharp minor Minor key based on G sharp, whose key signature has 5 sharps. dis moll D-Sharp minor Minor key based on D sharp, whose key signature has 6 sharps. ais moll A-Sharp minor Minor key based on A sharp, whose key signature has 7 sharps. d moll D minor Minor key based on D, whose key signature has 1 flat. g moll G minor Minor key based on G, whose key signature has 2 flats. c moll C minor Minor key based on C, whose key signature has 3 flats. f moll F minor Minor key based on F, whose key signature has 4 flats. b moll B-Flat minor Minor key based on B flat, whose key signature has 5 flats. es moll E-Flat minor Minor key based on E flat, whose key signature has 6 flats. as moll A-Flat minor Minor key based on A flat, whose key signature has 7 flats. A simple description of a concert. 演奏会の簡単な記述例。 m: 2008-02-11 Masato Osada orchestra 'do svidanya' Symphony No.11 g-minor op.103 ]]> Another description of a concert with its title, date, program and venue. See also examples in the definition of 'performer' for more erabolate model (the preferred domain of this property is m:Performance, not m:Concert). ある演奏会の名称、日時、プログラム、会場の記述例。より精密なモデルの案として、'performer'の定義セクションにある例も参照。 m: Tokyo Green Symphony Orchestra 12th Concert 2003-11-02T14:00+09:00 Tomoko Kawada Violin Concerto No.1 g minor op.26 Symphony No.2 D major op.73 Sumida Triphony ]]> A simplified description of a concert with its title, date, program and venue. All property values are literal string here. ある演奏会の名称、日時、プログラム、会場を、文字列だけで記述する例。 m: Tokyo Green Symphony Orchestra 12th Concert 2003-11-02T14:00+09:00 Yuri Nitta Violin: Tomoko Kawada Orchestra: Tokyo Green Symphony Orchestra Bruch: Violin Concerto No.1 g minor Brahms: Symphony No.2 D major Sumida Triphony ]]> A description of a symphony with its composition data and descriptions of movements. Note now key values are expressed as URIs. 交響曲の楽曲情報と楽章データの記述例。調性の記述をURIに変更。 m: シューベルト Symohony No.7 'Unfinished' D.759 1822-01 1865-12-17 Wien Musikfereinsall Allegro moderato 3/4 Andante con moto 3/8 ]]>