| schema:description 2 | "内容記述: PART 1. GENERAL BIOLOGY: 1. Background and Functional Morphology, D.M.Holdich: 1.1. Background; 1.2. Functional morphology; 1.3. Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 2. Phylogeny and Evolution, O. Scholtz: 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. The position of the Astacida within the Decapoda; 2.3. The monophyly of the Astacida; 2.4. Phylogenetic systematics of the Astacida; 2.5. Invasion into freshwater; 2.6. Evolutionary zoogeography; 2.7. Summary and conclusions; References; 3. Functional anatomy, G. Vogt: 3.1. Introduction; 3.2. Musculature; 3.3. Respiratory system; 3.4. Circulatory system; 3.5. Excretory system; 3.6. Digestive system; 3.7. Reproductive system; 3.8. Endocrine system; 3.9. Nervous system; 3.10. Sense organs; 3.11. Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 4. Growth and Reproduction, J.D.Reynolds: 4.1. Introduction; 4.2. Patterns of crayfish life cycles, growth and reproduction; 4.3. Environmental effects on growth; 4.4. Reproduction; 4.5. Crayfish growth and reproduction: implications for astaciculture; 4.6. Conclusions; References; 5. Ecology, P. Nystrom: 5.1. Introduction; 5.2. Abiotic factors; 5.3. Boitic factors; 5.4. Effects of crayfish on the structure of food webs; 5.5. Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 6. Taxonomy and Conservation of Native Crayfish Stocks, C.A. Taylor: 6.1. Introduction; 6.2. Distribution and taxonomy; 6.3. Importance of crayfish biodiversity; 6.4. Threats to crayfish biodiversity; 6.5. Status of continental faunas; 6.6. Actions needed to preserve crayfish biodiversity; 6.7. Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 7. Behavior, F. Gherardi: 7.1. Introduction; 7.2. Activity patterns; 7.3. Food finding; 7.4. Habitat selection; 7.5. Movement; 7.6. The use of shelters and burrows; 7.7. Reproductive behaviour; 7.8. Juvenile behaviour; 7.9. Agonism; 7.10. Conclusions; References; 8. Genetic Variation, J.W. Fetzner, Jr. & K.A. Crandall: 8.1. Introduction; 8.2. Uses of genetics; 8.3. Genetic methodology; 8.4. Genetic findings; 8.5. Future studies of crayfish genetic diversity; 8.6. Conclusions; References; 9. Physiological Adaptation to Environment, B.R. McMahon: 9.1. Introduction; 9.2. Reception and transduction of environmental signals; 9.3. Physiological compensation; 9.4. Physiology of gas exchange; 9.5. Vascular transport; 9.6. Ionic and osmotic regulation; 9.7. Mechanisms of physiological compensation; 9.8. Mechanisms of compensation to environmental variation; 9.9. Considerations of size; 9.10. Conclusions; References; 10. Pathogens, Parasites and Commensals, L..H. Evans & B.F.Edgerton: 10.1. Introduction; 10.2. Viral infections; 10.3. Bacteria; 10.4. Fungal pathogens and commensals; 10.5. Protists; 10.6. Metazoan parasites and commensals; 10.7. Abiotic disease conditions; 10.8. Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 11. Immune Reactions, Soderhall & K. Soderhall: 11.1. Invertebrate versus vertebrate immunity; 11.2. Overview of present status of invertebrate immune reactions; .11.3. Pattern recognition proteins in arthropods; 11.4. The clotting reaction; 11.5. Humoral defence reactions; in particular the proPO activating system and its role in immunity; 11.6. Cellular immunity; 11.7. Comparison of genes/gene products from invertebrates with those found in vertebrates; 11.8. Conclusions; References. PART 2: CRAYFISH OF COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE: 12. Astacus, J. Skurdal & T. Taugbol: 12.1. Systematics and general description of the species; 12.2. Distribution; 12.3. General life history, growth and reproduction; 12.4. Feeding, habitat use, competition and habitat requirements; 12.5. Predators; 12.6. Diseases and parasites; 12.7. Population dynamics and regulation; 12.8. Harvest; 12.9. Aquaculture; 12.10. Management and conservation; 12.11. Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 13. Pacifastacus, S.D. Lewis: 13.1. Introduction; 13.2. Taxonomy and distribution; 13.3. Biology; 13.4. Ecology; 13.5. Pacifastacus leniusculus introductions; 13.6. Aquaculture; 13.7. Harvest of wild populations; 13.8. Conclusions; References; 14. Procambarus, J.V. Huner: 14.1. The genus Procambarus; 14.2 The important commercial species; 14.3. Exploitation of Procambarus clarkii and Procambarus zonangulus; 14.4. Products and markets; 14.5. Factors affecting production, movement and introductions; 14.6. Effects of man on wild and/or cultured crayfish; 14.7. Stock improvement; 14.8. Problems peculiar to Procambarus spp.; 14.9. Conclusions; References; 15. Orconectes, P. Hamr: 15.1. Distribution, taxonomy and status; 15.2. General life history and ecology; 15.3. Species of commercial potential; 15.4. Conclusions; References; 16. Cambarus, R.C. Guiasu: 16.1. Introduction; 16.2. Distribution and species richness; 16.3. Conservation issues; 16.4. Species of potential commercial importance; 16.5. Commercial importance of Cambarus species; 16.6. Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 17. Cherax, C. Lawrence & C. Jones: 17.1. Introduction; 17.2. Marron; 17.3. Yabbies; 17.4. Redclaw; 17.5. Conclusions; References. PART 3: CONCLUSIONS: 18. Conclusions, D.M. Holdich: 18.1. Generalisations; 18.2. Specifics; Acknowledgements; References....(more)" |
| schema:description | "公開者: Oxford, London, & Edinburgh, UK.; Malden, MA, USA; Carlton, Victoria, Australia; & Paris, France." |